France

France (English i/ˈfræns/ franss or /ˈfrɑːns/ frahnss; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest country in Western Europe and the third-largest in Europe as a whole, and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years,[6] France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
France has its main ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The French Republic is defined as indivisible, secular, democratic and social by its constitution.[7] France is one of the world's most developed countries,[8] it possesses the world's fifth largest economy measured by GDP, the ninth-largest economy measured by purchasing power parity and is Europe's second largest economy by nominal GDP.[9] France is the wealthiest nation in Europe – and the fourth wealthiest in the world – in aggregate household wealth.[10] France enjoys a high standard of living as well as a high public education level, and has also one of the world's longest life expectancies.[11] France has been listed as the world's "best overall health care" provider by the World Health Organization.[12] It is the most visited country in the world, receiving 82 million foreign tourists annually.[13]
France has the world's fourth largest nominal military budget,[14] the third largest military in NATO and EU's largest army. France also possesses the third largest nuclear weapons stockpile in the world[15] – with around 300 active warheads as of 25 May 2010 – and the world's second largest diplomatic corps (second only to that of the United States).[16] France is a founding member of the United Nations, one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, and a member of the Francophonie, the G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, and the Latin Union. It is also a founding and leading member state of the European Union and the largest EU state by area.[17] In 2011, France was listed 20th on the Human Development Index and 24th on the Corruption Perceptions Index (2010).


By:
      Diarmaid
                     Collins

Same tractor

Same Tractors
Same is one of the best tractors in the world . Nearly every second farmer has a same tractor .


The SAME (Società accomandita motori endotermici) company was founded in Treviglio (Bergamo) by Eugenio and Francesco Cassani in 1942, right in the middle of World War II, with bombardments, lack of raw materials and very few production facilities.
At the end of the 1920’s, Francesco Cassani had designed a tractor equipped with a diesel engine that, due to various constructive difficulties, had not been as successful as it technically deserved to be. In the 1930’s, he also designed diesel oil engines for trucks (50 HP), for boats (6 cylinders with 6 opposed pistons) and for aeroplanes (800 HP).
During the same period, Francesco Cassani founded Spica (Società pompe iniezione Cassani), a company specializing in the construction of injection apparatuses for diesel engines (pumps, automatic spark advance governors, injectors) achieving considerable success in spite of the technological, industrial, financial and political monopoly of the German company Bosch. SAME’s first products were small engines for stationary applications, until, with a motorized mower first, and then in 1948 with the small all-purpose 10 HP tractor, it made its debut in the field of agricultural tractors.
And it is precisely in this sector that SAME was most comfortable, so much so, in fact, that after more than 50 years of continuous activity, and after having purchased the Hürlimann, Lamborghini and Deutz-Fahr brands, today it is the fourth leading tractor manufacturer in the world.
In 1927 Francesco Cassani develops the first "farm tractor" in the world with a diesel engine, and in 1928 has plans for the four-wheel drive system.
In 1942, after many years in cutting-edge diesel engine and injection pump design, Francesco Cassani founded SAME (società accomandita motori endotermici) at Treviglio with his brother Eugenio.
In 1951 Francesco Cassani, who had always favoured air cooled engines, designed a new series of modular engines. the SAME DA25, the first tractor with four wheel drive, together with SAME DA30, brought SAME four-wheel drive onto the market.
In 1958 the first Automatic Control Station (SAC) was introduced by SAME. Over the next years this system was applied to the 240, 360 and 480 models known as the "intelligent tractors".
In 1961 it is the year of SAMECAR's PULEDRO, the tractor that works the soil and carries products. Followed by the SAMECAR TORO, a construction yard machine. A new line of 6 and 8-cylinder “V” engines at 60° is also born
In the sixties SAME continued to expand succesfully abroad, beginning near at home: in Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Britain, Spain, Greece and Portugal four-wheel drive began to take hold.
In 1965 launch of the CENTAURO 60 hp tractor from which were derived the LEONE 70 and MINITAURO 55, the tractors which established SAME's reputation around the world.
In 1971, the last official act of Cassani's life was tjhe acquisition of Lamborghini Trattori S.p.A., which was founded by Ferruccio Lamborghini, creator of the Lamborghini cars.
In July 1973 Francesco Cassani died and the young Vittorio and Luisella found themselves with the daunting task of trasforming a family business into a organization based on structured hierarchy and procedures.
In 1973 the PANTHER is launched with the 5 cylinder engine. SAME introduced dictinctive immersed injection pumps, along wih syncromesh gearbox and hydrostatic power steering.
In 1975 launch of TIGER 100 with original SAME cab and oil immersed disc brakes hailed as the best European tractor in the 100hp range.
In 1977, the group was given the opportunity to make a new prestigious takeover, this time in Switzerland: HURLIMANN.
In 1979 SAME become officially the SAME-LAMBORGHINI-HURLIMANN (SLH) group, the second largest tractor manufacturer in Italy and one of the world leaders.
In 1983 launch of the LASER and EXPLORER model families with 1000cc engines and three-shaft gear boxes. For the first time close attention was paid to aesthetic styling by GIUGIARO's ITALDESIGN.
In 1991 the TITAN is introduced with the new SLH Electronic Full-Power Shift transmission (27F+27R in three ranges)). The design is used also in tractors of other engine outputs.
In 1993 Small tractors are designed, a range of low-power machines for traditional applications, not only for agricultural uses.
In 1995 SAME purchased Deutz-Fahr from KHD in Germany in 1995, and changed the corporate name to SAME Deutz-Fahr (SDF). The production of combines was out-sourced to AGCO. Same is in India also.
It was in a joint venture with the Greaves company of India and built SAME Greaves tractors until 2002, when SDF bought out Greaves.[1]
In 2003, SDF invested in Deutz AG, the German engine-manufacturer (formerly named KHD). Also in 2003, SDF purchased 10% of the Finland based Sampo Rosenlew, a manufacturer of forestry equipment and combines.[2][3]
In 2005, SDF purchased the Ðuro Ðakovic combine business based in Croatia. Ðuro Ðakovic builds combines licensed from Deutz-Fahr, and provided SDF with combine manufacturing facilities.[4]
In May 2008 SDF signed an agreement with Argentinean combine maker Vassalli Fabril to use its existing rotary combine technology in its Deutz-Fahr combines. The two companies will also work jointly on developing the technology in the future.[5]

The SAME (Società accomandita motori endotermici) company was founded in Treviglio (Bergamo) by Eugenio and Francesco Cassani in 1942, right in the middle of World War II, with bombardments, lack of raw materials and very few production facilities.
At the end of the 1920’s, Francesco Cassani had designed a tractor equipped with a diesel engine that, due to various constructive difficulties, had not been as successful as it technically deserved to be. In the 1930’s, he also designed diesel oil engines for trucks (50 HP), for boats (6 cylinders with 6 opposed pistons) and for aeroplanes (800 HP).
During the same period, Francesco Cassani founded Spica (Società pompe iniezione Cassani), a company specializing in the construction of injection apparatuses for diesel engines (pumps, automatic spark advance governors, injectors) achieving considerable success in spite of the technological, industrial, financial and political monopoly of the German company Bosch. SAME’s first products were small engines for stationary applications, until, with a motorized mower first, and then in 1948 with the small all-purpose 10 HP tractor, it made its debut in the field of agricultural tractors.
And it is precisely in this sector that SAME was most comfortable, so much so, in fact, that after more than 50 years of continuous activity, and after having purchased the Hürlimann, Lamborghini and Deutz-Fahr brands, today it is the fourth leading tractor manufacturer in the world.
In 1927 Francesco Cassani develops the first "farm tractor" in the world with a diesel engine, and in 1928 has plans for the four-wheel drive system.
In 1942, after many years in cutting-edge diesel engine and injection pump design, Francesco Cassani founded SAME (società accomandita motori endotermici) at Treviglio with his brother Eugenio.
In 1951 Francesco Cassani, who had always favoured air cooled engines, designed a new series of modular engines. the SAME DA25, the first tractor with four wheel drive, together with SAME DA30, brought SAME four-wheel drive onto the market.
In 1958 the first Automatic Control Station (SAC) was introduced by SAME. Over the next years this system was applied to the 240, 360 and 480 models known as the "intelligent tractors".
In 1961 it is the year of SAMECAR's PULEDRO, the tractor that works the soil and carries products. Followed by the SAMECAR TORO, a construction yard machine. A new line of 6 and 8-cylinder “V” engines at 60° is also born
In the sixties SAME continued to expand succesfully abroad, beginning near at home: in Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Britain, Spain, Greece and Portugal four-wheel drive began to take hold.
In 1965 launch of the CENTAURO 60 hp tractor from which were derived the LEONE 70 and MINITAURO 55, the tractors which established SAME's reputation around the world.
In 1971, the last official act of Cassani's life was tjhe acquisition of Lamborghini Trattori S.p.A., which was founded by Ferruccio Lamborghini, creator of the Lamborghini cars.
In July 1973 Francesco Cassani died and the young Vittorio and Luisella found themselves with the daunting task of trasforming a family business into a organization based on structured hierarchy and procedures.
In 1973 the PANTHER is launched with the 5 cylinder engine. SAME introduced dictinctive immersed injection pumps, along wih syncromesh gearbox and hydrostatic power steering.
In 1975 launch of TIGER 100 with original SAME cab and oil immersed disc brakes hailed as the best European tractor in the 100hp range.
In 1977, the group was given the opportunity to make a new prestigious takeover, this time in Switzerland: HURLIMANN.
In 1979 SAME become officially the SAME-LAMBORGHINI-HURLIMANN (SLH) group, the second largest tractor manufacturer in Italy and one of the world leaders.
In 1983 launch of the LASER and EXPLORER model families with 1000cc engines and three-shaft gear boxes. For the first time close attention was paid to aesthetic styling by GIUGIARO's ITALDESIGN.
In 1991 the TITAN is introduced with the new SLH Electronic Full-Power Shift transmission (27F+27R in three ranges)). The design is used also in tractors of other engine outputs.
In 1993 Small tractors are designed, a range of low-power machines for traditional applications, not only for agricultural uses.
In 1995 SAME purchased Deutz-Fahr from KHD in Germany in 1995, and changed the corporate name to SAME Deutz-Fahr (SDF). The production of combines was out-sourced to AGCO. Same is in India also.
It was in a joint venture with the Greaves company of India and built SAME Greaves tractors until 2002, when SDF bought out Greaves.[1]
In 2003, SDF invested in Deutz AG, the German engine-manufacturer (formerly named KHD). Also in 2003, SDF purchased 10% of the Finland based Sampo Rosenlew, a manufacturer of forestry equipment and combines.[2][3]
In 2005, SDF purchased the Ðuro Ðakovic combine business based in Croatia. Ðuro Ðakovic builds combines licensed from Deutz-Fahr, and provided SDF with combine manufacturing facilities.[4]
In May 2008 SDF signed an agreement with Argentinean combine maker Vassalli Fabril to use its existing rotary combine technology in its Deutz-Fahr combines. The two companies will also work jointly on developing the technology in the future.[5]SAME Deutz-Fahr (SDF) is an Italian-based manufacturer of tractors, combine harvesters, other agricultural machines, engines and equipment. It builds tractors under the SAME (Società Accomandita Motori Endotermici), Lamborghini, Hürlimann and Deutz-Fahr brands, and combines under the Đuro Đaković brands.
SDF builds some tractors for AGCO, of which it owns a small percentage.[citation needed]







By :  
                 Diarmaid
                                      Collins